World Liver Day : “Solid Habits - Strong Liver”

Credit By: DR WAHID AKBAR

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• 20 Apr 2026

Liver diseases are a significant global health concern, causing millions of deaths each year

World Liver Day is observed every year on April 19 to raise awareness about liver diseases and the importance of maintaining liver health. As liver diseases continue to rise globally & in Kashmir valley, this day serves as a reminder to prioritize regular health check-ups and adopt a healthy lifestyle. Theme of this year is “Solid Habits – Strong Liver”. I will try to highlight few important liver facts as below:

How many people are affected by liver diseases worldwide?

Liver diseases are a significant global health concern, causing millions of deaths each year. According to the World Health Organization, they are among the leading causes of mortality, with conditions like cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatitis contributing to a large number of cases. Fatty liver disease is a silent epidemic affecting children and adults often as high as 30% of the population. 

What is the liver disease burden in Kashmir valley ?

Liver disease in the kashmir valley is a major public health concern, characterized by an exceptionally high prevalence of fatty liver disease (MASLD), affecting roughly 23-30% of the population, and a rising incidence of Hepatitis C and Alveolar Echinococcosis is also noted here. Metabolic syndrome and poor dietary habits (are primary drivers), with MASLD often leading to liver cirrhosis. 

A study, conducted in South Kashmir, revealed that out of more than 5,000 subjects screened for Hepatitis B, 2.4% tested positive, highlighting the urgency of addressing this public health issue. This study only highlights the incidence of one variant which is Hepatitis B. With other variants such as A, C, E, the combined reported and unreported prevalence of Hepatitis could be much higher. Liver disease due to alcohol contributes to 14-15 percent of cases as mentioned below.

Can fatty liver be reversed?

Fatty liver disease can often be reversed, especially in its early stages. Making lifestyle changes such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding alcohol can help reduce fat buildup in the liver. If left unmanaged, fatty liver can progress to more severe conditions like MASH (Metabolic associated steatohepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver failure.

How often should I get my liver checked?

The frequency of liver health check-ups depends on factors such as lifestyle, medical history, and risk factors. People with obesity, diabetes, high alcohol intake, or a family history of liver disease should undergo regular screenings. For those at low risk, an annual liver function test is usually sufficient. Those with existing liver conditions may require more frequent monitoring based on their doctor's advice.

What are the symptoms of an unhealthy liver?

Liver disease often develops silently, but as it progresses, symptoms may include: persistent fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), abdominal pain or swelling, unexplained weight loss, nausea or loss of appetite, dark urine and pale stool, itchy skin.

Can liver disease be reversed?

Some liver conditions, such as fatty liver and mild fibrosis, can be reversed with lifestyle changes. However, advanced liver diseases like cirrhosis often cause permanent damage. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can help slow progression and improve liver function.

How does alcohol affect the liver?

Excessive alcohol consumption puts significant stress on the liver, leading to conditions like fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The liver metabolizes alcohol, but excessive intake can cause inflammation, scarring, and liver failure over time. Reducing or eliminating alcohol can prevent further damage and, in some cases, allow the liver to heal. Females are more prone to alcoholic liver disease as they are not able to metabolize alcohol as efficiently as males because they lack certain enzymes.

Burden of alcohol use disorder & alcoholic liver disease in Kashmir?

Alcohol intake has increased in Kashmir valley adding to burden of liver disease including Liver cirrhosis. In one study alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 14-15% cases of liver cirrhosis. Fatty liver (MASLD being the predominant cause in Kashmir).

What tests help in diagnosing liver diseases?

Doctors may use various tests to assess liver health, including: Liver function tests (LFTs) to measure enzyme and protein levels, Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to detect abnormalities, FibroScan to evaluate liver stiffness and fibrosis, Liver biopsy to assess the extent of liver damage, Hepatitis panel to check for viral infections

When should I see a doctor for liver-related concerns?

It is important to consult a doctor if you experience: Persistent fatigue or weakness, Yellowing of the skin or eyes, Severe or unexplained abdominal pain, Unexplained weight loss, Dark urine and pale stools, Swelling in the legs or abdomen. Seeking medical advice early can help detect liver disease before it becomes severe.

Is liver transplantation the only treatment for severe liver disease?

Liver transplantation is considered in cases of end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure. However, many liver conditions can be managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and other non-surgical treatments. Early diagnosis and proper medical care can prevent the need for a transplant in many cases, or postpone liver transplant for some time.

Conclusion

The liver is not just an organ but a lifeline to our well-being. Understanding its functions, recognising common disorders, and adopting liver-friendly habits helps us be proactive about our health. As advocates for our own well-being, let's take proactive steps towards liver health. Hence the theme: Solid Habits – Strong Liver

(The Author is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at Amandeep BR Medicity and Ujala Hospital, Srinagar)